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Gauss-Laguerre Quadrature Nodes and Weights

Enter the order n to compute the nodes (zeros of the Laguerre polynomial Lₙ) and weights of Gauss-Laguerre quadrature in a table. Useful for evaluating ∫₀^∞ e^(-x) f(x) dx numerically.

Input

Enter an order n to compute the nodes (zeros of the Laguerre polynomial Lₙ) and weights of Gauss-Laguerre quadrature, for integrating ∫₀^∞ e^(-x) f(x) dx with weight function e^(-x).

Integer from 1 to 128. Equals the number of nodes.

Result

Order n

8

8 nodes

Sum of weights

1

Smallest node

0.1702796323

Largest node

22.8631317369

Nodes and weights

Nodes xᵢ are zeros of the Laguerre polynomial Lₙ(x); weights are wᵢ = xᵢ / ((n+1)²(L_n+1(xᵢ))²). The ''Weight × eˣ'' column is wᵢ·e^(xᵢ).

iNode xᵢWeight wᵢWeight × eˣ
10.17027963230.36918858930.4377234105
20.90370177680.41878678081.0338693477
32.25108662990.17579498661.6697097657
44.26670017030.03334349232.3769247018
57.04590540240.00279453623.2085409133
610.75851601029.07650877e-54.2685755108
715.74067864138.48574672e-75.8180833687
822.86313173691.04800117e-98.9062262153

How it works

  • Gauss-Laguerre quadrature approximates the semi-infinite integral ∫₀^∞ e^(-x) f(x) dx ≈ Σ wᵢ f(xᵢ) with the weight function e^(-x).
  • The nodes xᵢ are the zeros of the order-n Laguerre polynomial Lₙ(x). This tool evaluates the polynomial via its three-term recurrence and locates each zero with Newton's method (deflating previously found roots).
  • Weights use the standard formula wᵢ = xᵢ / ((n+1)² (L_{n+1}(xᵢ))²). The weights sum to 1 in exact arithmetic.
  • The 'Weight × eˣ' column is wᵢ·e^(xᵢ), the effective weight when integrating ∫₀^∞ g(x) dx without folding the e^(-x) weight into the integrand.
  • The rule is exact when the integrand f(x) is a polynomial of degree at most 2n−1. It is especially effective for exponentially decaying integrands.

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